木材专业英语词汇

作者:admin 日期:2008-04-09

字体大小: 小中大

木材化学改性Chemically modified wood
木材防腐Preservation of wood
木材阻燃处理Fire retardation of wood
木材无损检测Nondestructive Evaluation of wood

变色stain(discoloration)
化学变色chemical stain
真菌变色fungus stain
霉菌变色discoloration by mould
边材变色sap stain
心材变色heart stain
腐朽decay(rot)

阻燃剂fire retardants
泡沫剂foam-forming chemical

Mechanical Properties of Wood
木材的力学性质

木材流变学rheology of wood

弹性elasticity
塑性plasticity
弹性模量modulus of elasticity

蠕变creep
蠕变恢复creep recovery

应变strain
应力stress
应力—应变曲线stress-strain curve
分应力stress component
分应变strain component
应力松驰stress relaxation
松弛失效failure by
relaxation

疲劳fatigue
刚性模量modulus of rigidity
变形deformation
载荷loading

各向异性anisotropy
正交对称性rhombic symmetry
弹性形变elastic deformation
弹性常数elastic constant
木材弹性异向性the anisotropic elasticity of wood
对称轴axis of symmetry

柔度compliance
泊松比Poisson’s ratio
压缩系数compressibility
体积模量bulk modulus
理想弹性变形ideal elastic deformation
粘滞流动形变viscous flow deformation
木材硬度hardness of wood
屈服点yield
point

拉伸tension
压缩compression
弯曲bending
木材冲击韧性toughness of wood
木材抗劈强度cleavage strength of wood
木材抗弯强度bending strength of wood
木材静曲弹性模量the modulus of elasticity in static bending of wood
木材顺纹抗剪强度shearing strength parallel to grain of wood
木材顺纹抗拉强度tensile strength parallel to grain of wood
木材顺纹抗压强度compressive strength parallel to grain of wood
木材横纹压力compression perpendicular to grain of wood
木材横纹抗压弹性模量modulus of elasticity in compression perpendicular to grain of wood

静力试验测定determination by static test
动态试验测定determination by dynamic test

木材断裂力学Fracture Mechanics of
Wood
断裂韧性Fracture
Toughness
裂纹shake(check)
径裂heart shake
轮裂ring shake
环裂round shake
弧裂cup shake
冻裂frost crack
干裂drying shake
贯通裂through shake

脆性破碎（brittle/brash fracture）：
又称做胡萝卜破碎。破碎的表面很象新鲜的胡萝卜表面的破裂。

裂片状破splintering fracture
略脆的破碎brittish fracture
剪切破坏shear
failure
疲劳破坏failure due to
fatigue

弯曲curvature Chemical Properties of Wood
木材化学

主要成分primary component
次要成分secondary component
纤维素cellulose
纤维素分子链cellulose chain
大分子macromolecule
聚合度degree of polymerization
抽提物extractive
单宁tannins
胶乳latex
染料dye
有色成分coloring material

吡喃葡萄糖glucopyranose
纤维二糖cellobilose
戊聚糖pentosan
木聚糖xylan
4-甲基葡萄糖醛酸4-methylglucuronic acid
半乳糖galactose
葡萄糖glucose
甘露糖mannose
苯丙烷phenylpropane
紫丁香基丙烷syringyl
愈疮木基丙烷guaiacyl
对羟苯基丙烷phydroxyphenyl propane
纤维素cellulose
半纤维素hemicellulose
木素lignin

纤丝fibril
微纤丝microfibril

结晶区crystalline area
无定形区(非结晶区)amorphous region

胞间层 true middle lamella
复合胞间层compound lamella
初生壁primary cell wall
次生壁secondary cell wall

纹孔pit
纹孔对pit pair

单纹孔simple pit
具缘纹孔bordered pit

单纹孔对simple pit pair
具缘纹孔对bordered pit pair
半具缘纹孔对half-bordered pit pair
纹孔膜pit membrane
纹孔腔pit cavity
纹孔室pit chamber
纹孔缘pit border
纹孔塞orus
纹孔口aperture
塞缘margo
附物纹孔vestured pitting

螺纹加厚spiral thickening

管胞tracheid

径列条trabecula(trabecubae)
眉条crassulae
瘤层wart
侵填体tylosis

薄壁组织parenchyma
轴向薄壁组织longitudinal parenchyma

木射线ray
射线管胞ray tracheid
射线薄壁组织ray parenchyma
单列木射线uniseriate ray
纺锤形木射线fusiform ray

交叉场cross field

单管孔solitary pore
复管孔multiple pore
管孔链pore chain
管孔团pore cluster

穿孔perforation
穿孔板perforation plate
单穿孔simple perforation

维管管胞vascular tracheid
环管管胞vasicentric tracheid

纤维fiber
纤维管胞fiber tracheid
韧性纤维libriform fiber
胶质木纤维gelatinous fiber

横卧射线细胞procumbent ray cell
直立射线细胞upright ray cell
同形木射线homogeneous(homocellular) ray
异形木射线heterogeneous (heterocellular) ray
聚合木射线aggregate ray

纤维素cellulose
半纤维素hemicellulose
木素lignin

纤丝fibril
微纤丝microfibril

结晶区crystalline area
无定形区(非结晶区)amorphous region

胞间层 true middle lamella
复合胞间层compound lamella
初生壁primary cell wall
次生壁secondary cell wall

纹孔pit
纹孔对pit pair

单纹孔simple pit
具缘纹孔bordered pit

单纹孔对simple pit pair
具缘纹孔对bordered pit pair
半具缘纹孔对half-bordered pit pair
纹孔膜pit membrane
纹孔腔pit cavity
纹孔室pit chamber
纹孔缘pit border
纹孔塞orus
纹孔口aperture
塞缘margo
附物纹孔vestured pitting

螺纹加厚spiral thickening

管胞tracheid

径列条trabecula(trabecubae)
眉条crassulae
瘤层wart
侵填体tylosis

薄壁组织parenchyma
轴向薄壁组织longitudinal parenchyma

木射线ray
射线管胞ray tracheid
射线薄壁组织ray parenchyma
单列木射线uniseriate ray
纺锤形木射线fusiform ray

交叉场cross field

单管孔solitary pore
复管孔multiple pore
管孔链pore chain
管孔团pore cluster

穿孔perforation
穿孔板perforation plate
单穿孔simple perforation

维管管胞vascular tracheid
环管管胞vasicentric tracheid

纤维fiber
纤维管胞fiber tracheid
韧性纤维libriform fiber
胶质木纤维gelatinous fiber

横卧射线细胞procumbent ray cell
直立射线细胞upright ray cell
同形木射线homogeneous(homocellular) ray
异形木射线heterogeneous (heterocellular) ray
聚合木射线aggregate ray

斜纹cross grain
翘曲distortion(warp)
顺弯bow(camber)
横弯crook
扭曲twisting
纹理方向grain orientation

应力木reaction wood
应压木compression wood
应拉木tension wood

横切面cross section
径切面radial section
弦切面tangential section
径切板和弦切板quarter-sawn and flat-sawn lumber

心材heartwood
边材sapwood
心材树种heartwood tree
边材树种sapwood tree
熟材ripewood
熟材树种ripewood tree
伪心材false heartwood
内含边材included sapwood

有孔材porous wood
无孔材nonporous wood
木材缺陷defects of wood
节子knot

生长轮(年轮生长轮)growth ring
年轮annual growth ring
伪年轮false ring
轮界线growth-ring boundary

早材earlywood,springwood
晚材latewood, summerwood

导管vessel
导管分子vessel element
管孔pore
导管线vessel line

散孔材diffuse-porous wood
环孔材ring-porous wood
半环孔材semi-ring porous wood
半散孔材semi-diffuse porous wood

侵填体tylosis
树胶gum

傍管类薄壁组织paratracheal parenchyma
*宽带状薄壁组织broad-bands parenchyma
*环管束状薄壁组织vasicentric parenchyma
*翼状薄壁组织aliform parenchyma
*聚翼状薄壁组织confluent parenchyma
离管类薄壁组织apotracheal parenchyma
*星散状薄壁组织diffuse parenchyma
*轮界状薄壁组织terminal parenchyma
*切线状薄壁组织metatracheal parenchyma

木射线ray

胞间道intercellular canal
树脂道resin canal
创伤树脂道traumatic gum canal

髓斑pith fleck

木本植物种类kinds of woody plants
树木tree
灌木shrub
木质藤本植物woody liana, woody climber

植物分类plant classification
裸子植物 gymnosperms
被子植物 angiosperms
双子叶植物dicotyledons
单子叶植物 monocotyledons

木质茎woody stem
维管植物vascular plant

针叶树coniferous tree, conifer
阔叶树 broad-leaved tree, deciduous tree
针叶树材（软材）softwood
阔叶树材（硬材）hardwood

树干trunk
树根root
主枝limb
分枝branch
根系rooty system

组织tissue
初生组织primary tissue
次生组织secondary tissue
支持组织supporting tissue
储存组织storage tissue
输导组织conducting tissue
分生组织meristematic tissue
顶端分生组织apical meristem

树皮bark
表皮epidermis
皮层cortex
形成层cambium
木质部 xylem
初生木质部primary xylem
次生木质部secondary xylem
韧皮部phloem
髓pith

细胞cell
细胞壁cell wall
轴向组织longitudinal(axial) tissue
径向组织horizontal(ray) tissue
垂周分裂anticlinal division
平周分裂periclinal division
纺锤形原始细胞fusiform initial
射线原始细胞ray initial

幼龄材juvenile wood
成熟材mature wood

硬松hard pine
软松soft pine
商用木材commercial timber